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Fenster und Dialoge öffnen und schließen
Glade
Mit Glade lassen sich verschiedene Fensterarten und Dialoge erstellen. Im Beispiel hat das Hauptfenster zwei Buttons, ein Button öffnet ein Info-Fenster, der andere schließt das Hauptfenster und öffnet ein anderes Fenster, das jeweils das gleiche tut.
Es werden insgesamt 7 Signale angelegt:
- Fenster, jeweils
Info-Button (Headerbar links): clicked
Wechsel-/"Ok"-Button (Headerbar rechts): clicked
Schließen/Beenden: destroy
- Info-Dialog
Schließen-Button: destroy
03_changewindow.glade (Source)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Generated with glade 3.22.1 --> <interface> <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.20"/> <object class="GtkWindow" id="win1"> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="resizable">False</property> <signal name="destroy" handler="on_window_destroy" swapped="no"/> <child type="titlebar"> <object class="GtkHeaderBar"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="title">Fenster 1</property> <property name="subtitle">Untertitel</property> <property name="show_close_button">True</property> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="info_button1"> <property name="label">gtk-about</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> <property name="use_stock">True</property> <property name="always_show_image">True</property> <signal name="clicked" handler="on_info_button_clicked" swapped="no"/> </object> <packing> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button1"> <property name="label">gtk-ok</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> <property name="use_stock">True</property> <property name="always_show_image">True</property> <signal name="clicked" handler="on_button1_clicked" swapped="no"/> </object> <packing> <property name="pack_type">end</property> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> <child> <object class="GtkBox"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="margin_bottom">9</property> <property name="orientation">vertical</property> <property name="spacing">10</property> <child> <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="label" translatable="yes">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis placerat, dui at sollicitudin mollis, lectus risus porttitor felis, sed malesuada purus eros sit amet magna. Nunc consectetur rutrum gravida. Mauris sed enim vitae orci mattis pretium eu interdum arcu. Morbi sed enim non erat bibendum tincidunt. Aenean nunc nisl, sagittis sit amet tellus ac, condimentum ullamcorper mi. Cras ornare faucibus laoreet. Quisque quis sagittis est, et hendrerit libero.</property> <property name="wrap">True</property> <property name="max_width_chars">80</property> </object> <packing> <property name="expand">False</property> <property name="fill">True</property> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> </object> <object class="GtkAboutDialog" id="about_dialog"> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="title" translatable="yes">Info</property> <property name="resizable">False</property> <property name="modal">True</property> <property name="window_position">center-on-parent</property> <property name="destroy_with_parent">True</property> <property name="type_hint">dialog</property> <property name="deletable">False</property> <property name="transient_for">win1</property> <property name="program_name">Info Dialog</property> <property name="version">0.1</property> <property name="comments" translatable="yes">Platz für mehr Blabla</property> <property name="website">www.example.com</property> <property name="logo_icon_name">image-missing</property> <child> <placeholder/> </child> <child internal-child="vbox"> <object class="GtkBox"> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="orientation">vertical</property> <property name="spacing">2</property> <child internal-child="action_area"> <object class="GtkButtonBox"> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="layout_style">end</property> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="close_button"> <property name="label">gtk-close</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> <property name="use_stock">True</property> <signal name="clicked" handler="on_close_button_clicked" swapped="no"/> </object> <packing> <property name="expand">True</property> <property name="fill">True</property> <property name="position">0</property> </packing> </child> </object> <packing> <property name="expand">False</property> <property name="fill">False</property> <property name="position">0</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> </object> <object class="GtkWindow" id="win2"> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="resizable">False</property> <signal name="destroy" handler="on_window_destroy" swapped="no"/> <child type="titlebar"> <object class="GtkHeaderBar"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="title">Fenster 2 </property> <property name="subtitle">Anderer Untertitel</property> <property name="show_close_button">True</property> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="info_button2"> <property name="label">gtk-about</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> <property name="use_stock">True</property> <property name="always_show_image">True</property> <signal name="clicked" handler="on_info_button_clicked" swapped="no"/> </object> <packing> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> <child> <object class="GtkButton" id="button2"> <property name="label">gtk-ok</property> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">True</property> <property name="receives_default">True</property> <property name="use_stock">True</property> <property name="always_show_image">True</property> <signal name="clicked" handler="on_button2_clicked" swapped="no"/> </object> <packing> <property name="pack_type">end</property> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> <child> <object class="GtkBox"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="margin_bottom">9</property> <property name="orientation">vertical</property> <property name="spacing">10</property> <child> <object class="GtkLabel" id="label2"> <property name="visible">True</property> <property name="can_focus">False</property> <property name="label" translatable="yes">In sagittis purus nec eleifend dignissim. Curabitur venenatis eleifend leo ac tincidunt. Etiam ut consequat neque. Aenean in libero placerat, iaculis est quis, blandit nulla. Nulla euismod cursus nisl efficitur imperdiet. Sed vel augue vitae dui congue eleifend id eu libero. Cras laoreet velit nibh, et pharetra ante pharetra id. Nullam mollis arcu a nibh pulvinar, sed volutpat quam facilisis. Vivamus quis leo quis orci aliquam fermentum. Donec varius accumsan nisi eu ullamcorper. Integer condimentum, eros sit amet convallis vehicula, elit leo mattis risus, quis suscipit turpis nibh sed nulla. Sed id justo ut magna commodo eleifend. Praesent nunc arcu, elementum eu dolor nec, rutrum molestie mauris.</property> <property name="wrap">True</property> <property name="max_width_chars">80</property> </object> <packing> <property name="expand">False</property> <property name="fill">True</property> <property name="position">1</property> </packing> </child> </object> </child> </object> </interface>
Python
Die entscheidenden Funktionen in der Handhabung von Fenstern sind
# Fenster anzeigen Gtk.Builder.get_object("name").show_all() # Fenster ausblenden, kann mit show_all() reaktiviert werden Gtk.Builder.get_object("name").hide_on_delete() # Fenster schließen, Gtk wird dabei beendet Gtk.main_quit()
Die Buttons zum Öffnen des Info-Dialogs und zum Beenden des Programms führen die jeweils identische Funktion aus; es werden demzufolge nur 5 Funktionen in der Handler-Klasse benötigt.
Das vollständige Beispiel ist dann:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import gi gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0") from gi.repository import Gtk class Handler: def on_window_destroy(self, *args): Gtk.main_quit() def on_button1_clicked(self, widget): x.window.hide_on_delete() x.set_window("win2") def on_button2_clicked(self, widget): x.window.hide_on_delete() x.set_window("win1") def on_info_button_clicked(self, widget): x.about.show_all() def on_close_button_clicked(self, widget): x.about.hide_on_delete() class Example: def __init__(self): self.builder = Gtk.Builder() self.builder.add_from_file("03_changewindow.glade") self.builder.connect_signals(Handler()) self.about = self.builder.get_object("about_dialog") self.set_window("win1") def set_window(self, win): self.window = self.builder.get_object(win) self.window.show_all() def main(self): Gtk.main() x = Example() x.main()
Siehe auch Fortsetzung-Artikel zu Dialogen.